courtesy of Barbara Bell
You can safely browse these if you just need a gentle push in the right direction.
Puzzles 1, 3, and 6 are new huts that supply housing for your growing population. Your builders will take care of building them for you when your tribe needs additional housing.
Puzzle 2 allows access to the ocean. Villagers don’t like dirty beaches.
For puzzle 4, you should take a villager exploring in the northwest corner of the island after you have attained a certain level of Village Tech.
Puzzle 5 depends upon puzzle 4. Take a villager exploring on the east side of the village and look for a message that should give you a clue to help you figure out this puzzle.
Puzzle 7 allows your poor, departed villagers to receive a proper burial. Level 2 of a certain Village Tech is required, along with a peaceful place away from the hubbub of village life.
Puzzle 8 requires certain levels of Village Tech. Take a villager exploring on the southeast side of the village.
Puzzle 9 depends upon completion of puzzle 8 and additional Village Tech. Take a villager exploring on the west side of the village.
Puzzle 10 depends upon completion of puzzle 9 and additional Village Tech. Your villagers will be able to complete this puzzle on their own once you have met the necessary conditions.
Puzzle 11 depends upon completion of puzzle 10 and will be solved by one of your villagers.
Puzzle 12 has no dependency on other puzzles. It is pretty much an easter egg and can be solved as soon as you have the necessary Village Tech and a villager who has mastered a specific skill (and also has a specific secondary skill). Unlike the way you located the other puzzles, you have to actually drop your skilled villager in the right place to find what you're looking for. Dragging him around the island won't reveal the location.